Current journal
- Title:
- Issues of Clinical and Fundamental Medicine
- Number:
- 4
- Year:
- 2024
- Date publication on the site:
- 2024-12-02 16:37:18
- Full journal in PDF:
-
Content all 7
CLINICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HIV/SYPHILIS CO-INFECTED PATIENTS
Authors: Elvira Ravilevna Manapova; Airat Maratovich Siraziyev; Razil Ruzalevich Mukhamedyarov;
Section: The original article
In case of HIV and syphilis coinfection, there is a mutual enhancement of the negative effect, when each of the diseases in their combination proceeds more unfavorably than a separate disease. Purpose: clinical and immuno-logical analysis of the course of syphilis in HIV-infected patients during antiretroviral therapy.
The data of outpatient cards of 63 patients at the State Autonomous Healthcare Institution "Republican Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Ta-tarstan" with a combination of HIV infection and syphilis were studied. In HIV/syphilis coinfected patients re-ceiving ART, significantly lower CD4+ lymphocyte counts and high HIV RNA VL levels were found, with statisti-cally significantly higher HIV RNA VL and low CD4+ lymphocyte counts in the group with secondary syphilis of the skin and mucous membranes.
COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INFLUENCE OF METFORMIN, VILDAGLIPTIN AND NEW CYANOTHIOACETAMIDE DERIVATIVES ON THE COURSE OF EXPERIMENTAL METABOLIC SYNDROME WITH DEXAMETHASONE LOAD
Authors: Elena Sergeevna Ketova; Elena Yuryevna Bibik; Anna Vadimovna Myazina; Krivokolysko Sergey Gennadievich; Valentina Yakovlevna Konovodova;
Section: The original article
This paper presents the results of a comparative assessment of the effect of metformin, vildagliptide and new cyanothioacetamide derivatives on the course of experimental metabolic syndrome with dexamethasone load in Wistar rats. It was revealed that metformin has the most pronounced hypoglycemic properties as a pharmacotherapy for experimental metabolic disorders. The new compound AZ-383 and vildagliptin were found to have the same ability to lower blood glucose. All compounds from a number of new cyanothioacetamide derivatives showed significantly pronounced hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective effects, the ability to reduce animal body weight in comparison with metformin and vildagliptin, which is an important aspect of pharmacocorrection of comorbid pathology, combining disorders of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, obesity and liver damage.
COMPLICATIONS OF HERNIOPLASTY USING MESH IMPLANTS IN THE DELAYED POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD
Authors: Ksenia Anatolyevna Govor;
Section: The original article
The use of mesh endoprostheses has become the "gold standard" of hernioplasty. However, purulent complications of the postoperative wound associated with the mesh implant can lead to the development of chronic paraprosthetic infection and, as a consequence, to typical complications in the late postoperative period, including hernia recurrence. An attempt to avoid abdominal compartment syndrome in giant POVG (postoperative ventral hernias) interprets the need for placement of mesh implants using the inlay technique: installation of the prosthesis in the hernial orifice, it is fixed to the edges of the orifice without its subsequent closure with aponeurosis tissue, thus there is no fact of reconstruction of the anterior abdominal wall, and the close location of the endoprosthesis in relation to the abdominal organs leads to mesh migration and the formation of intestinal fistulas. Thus, the aim of the study is to assess the influence of risk factors on the development of late postoperative complications. Of most interest are the issues of chronic paraprosthetic infection, namely the formation of intestinal and ligature fistulas. A sample of patients was created who applied to the Healthcare Institution "City Clinical Hospital No. 5, Minsk" in 2023 with complaints of the presence of a fistula in remission (functioning) and in relapse, but with a relapse of POVG. Having analyzed the data of inpatient treatment of patients through the AIS "Clinic" in the Healthcare Institution "City Clinical Hospital No. 5" and past hospitalizations in the Healthcare Institution "City Clinical Hospital No. 4", it was possible to establish that among patients with a "functioning" fistula, the period from the last hernioplasty using an implant to the "opening" of the fistula averaged 13.5 months. Of all the "functioning" fistulas, 22.2 % were intestinal. In one case of enterocutaneous fistula, a series of surgical interventions turned out to be lethal (11.1 %). Also, each of the patients had risk factors for the development of hernioplasty complications, including hernia recurrence, and the VHWG stratification criteria (HPW approach) have prognostic significance in relation to the risk of developing purulent-septic complications and hernia recurrence among patients with POVG.
INVESTIGATION OF THE BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY OF WATER SOLUBLE ASYMMETRIC CATIONIC PORPHYRINS IN AN IN VITRO EXPERIMEN
Authors: Darya Valerievna Kvashnina; Jeanne Valerievna Boeva; Anastasia Aleksandrovna Burashnikova; Irina Yuryevna Shirokova; Natalya Aleksandrovna Belyanina; Olga Vasilevna Kovalishena;
Section: The original article
Relevance. Overcoming antibiotic resistance is one of the pressing challenges of modern medicine, which makes the search for alternative methods to combat it a priority scientific task.
Aim. Study of the bactericidal activity of water-soluble asymmetric cationic porphyrins against hospital strains of microorganisms in planktonic and biofilm forms in vitro.
Materials and methods. Three water-soluble asymmetrically substituted porphyrin compounds containing heterocyclic fragments (residues of benzoxazole, N-methylbenzimidazole, and benzothiazole) at the periphery of the porphyrin ring were chosen as photosensitizers. The species structure of the sample of microorganisms isolated from patients with healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) included: S. aureus (n = 48; 46,6 %), S. epidermidis (n = 22; 21,4 %), S. haemolyticus (n = 12; 11,7 %), S. hominis (n = 8; 7,8 %), S. warneri (n = 4; 3,9 %), E. faecium (n = 3; 2,9 %), P. aeruginosa (n = 3; 2,9 %), E. coli (n = 3; 2,9 %); biofilms of test cultures (n = 23) grown from iso-lates from patients with purulent-septic infections (S. aureus (n = 14; 70,0 %), S. epidermidis (n = 6; 30,0 %).
Results. For 90.29 % of hospital strains (n = 93; 95 % CI 65.5–97.5), all three tested photosensitizers achieved complete lysis (“++++”) of cultures after just 10 minutes of irradiation.
For nine antibiotic-resistant hospital strains of staphylococci with low and medium biofilm formation coefficients, porphyrins exhibited significant activity (median activity index 0.603 (Q2 – Q3 0.481–0.669).
Conclusions. A high level of bactericidal activity against antibiotic-resistant hospital strains of Gram-positive bacteria in planktonic form was identified for the studied compounds. In relation to hospital strains in biofilm form with low and medium biofilm formation coefficients, porphyrins exhibited significant activity.
CHANGES IN THE LIVER WEIGHT OF RATS WITH PARACETAMOL-ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS DURING THE USE OF CYANOTHIOACETAMIDE DERIVATIVES
Authors: Daria Romanovna Bukhtoyarova;
Section: The original article
he purpose of the study. To study changes in the liver weight of rats with paracetamol-alcoholic hepatitis against the background of the use of cyanothioacetamide derivatives. Materials and methods. The experiment was conducted on 56 white mongrel female rats weighing 220–260 g. The animals were divided into intact, control and 5 experimental groups of 8 individuals. The last five groups (experimental) and the control received paracetamol at a dose of 500 mg/kg and 1 ml of 40° ethanol for each rat. As a treatment, the experimental groups received samples of new cyanothioacetamide derivatives synthesized in the KhimEx Research Laboratory (headed by prof. S. G. Krivokolisko) at doses of 2.5 mg/kg with laboratory codes CV-131, Mar-014, CV-150, Td-030, d02-123, which were administered to them once daily for 2 weeks in the form of an aqueous suspension through a gastric tube. The rats were deprived of food for 16 hours before the experiment. After which, on the 15th day, they were slaughtered. Animals of all groups were visually monitored for behavioral activity, appetite, thirst, and coat condition. Results. The conducted experimental studies showed that after two weeks of the experiment, the liver of the control group rats was sharply enlarged, its absolute weight was 16.3 ± 0.92, the average value of the liver weight to the rat weight was 3.25 %. In some rats, a loose liver and visual signs of hemorrhages on its surfaces were recorded. Whereas in intact animals, the absolute liver weight was 10.2 ± 0.76 g, and the average value of the liver weight to the rat weight was 3.61 %. Rats of the experimental groups that received new cyanothioacetamide derivatives did not have reliable differences in the absolute liver weight from the values registered in the intact group. Namely, in the Td-0331 group — 9.1 ± 0.73, in the d02-123 group — 10.3 ± 0.97, in the CV-131 group — 9.4 ± 0.76, in the CV-150 group — 9.4 ± 0.88 and in the Mar-014 group the absolute weight of the rat liver was 9.0 ± 0.86. Pharmacocorrection of the combined toxic liver damage with a new derivative of cyanothioacetamide with the code d02-123 led to the fact that the relative weight of the rat liver was 3.5. At the same time, the liver structure of the rats in this group did not undergo external changes. Conclusion. The most pronounced protective activity is possessed by compound d02-123.
PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE PLACENTA FOR NEW CORONAVIRUS INFECTION COVID-19 (SARS-COV-2)
Authors: Lyubov Alekseevna Lyubovtseva; Gleb Yurievich Struchko; Elvira Nikolaevna Vasileva; Tamara Gennadievna Denisova; Evgeny Vitalievich Oreshnikov;
Section: The original article
With a new coronavirus infection COVID-19, acute vascular disorders develop in the placenta, which can lead to complications during pregnancy. When exposed to a damaging factor on the immune system, type 1 T-helpers are normally activated. During pregnancy, a restructuring occurs, which involves a decrease in immunological
reactivity through the activation of Tc-suppressors.
The aim of the study was to evaluate morphological changes in the placentas of women infected with the
SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Materials and methods. A morphological study of the placenta was carried out in 60 puerperas of the obstet-ric
department No. 3 of the City Clinical Hospital No. 1, re-profiled for the treatment of a new coronavirus infection COVID-19. 60 placentas of puerperas infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus were studied by the method. For gen-eral histological characterization and morphometric analysis, hematoxylin and eosin staining was used.
Results. The placentas showed signs of partial vascular malperfusion of the maternal region, indicating hypoxic damage to the placenta, accelerated maturation of the villi and leading to placental dysfunctional changes and
placental insufficiency. At the same time, the presence of agglutinated villi, intervillous fibrin, a high representa-tion of syncytial nodules, and sometimes the phenomenon of marginal placental abruption were recorded. Mor-phological examination of placental tissue provides the most important information about the possibilities of transplacental transmission of the SARS-Cov-2 virus and the risk of infection of the fetus in utero.
Conclusions. In sections of the placentas of patients with NCI COVID-19, the following were revealed: a pro-nounced dystrophic process, infiltrative inflammatory processes in the decidua and fetal membranes, partial vas-cular malperfusion of the maternal part of the placenta and fetal stromal vascular lesions, and the phenomena of acute placental insufficiency (PI).
A CASE OF SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT OF A COMPLETE DETACHMENT OF THE RIGHT MAINBRONCHUS FROM THE TRACHEAL BIFURCATION IN A VICTIM AFTER A FALL FROM A HEIGHT
Authors: Artur Nasirovich Aydemirov; Murat Dalkhatovich Bayramkulov; Amina Rashidbekovna Abakarova;
Section: A clinical case
Chest injuries are one of the most severe injuries of surgical patients requiring emergency medical care. They are distinguished by a significant duration of treatment and rehabilitation, purulent-septic complications, and a high percentage of deaths. Ruptures of the tracheobronchial system caused by chest injuries are rare, but extremely life-threatening. They are a type of traumatic lung injury that is clinically very severe and, as a rule, fatal. This paper presents a clinical case of successful surgical treatment of the detachment of the right main bronchus by thoracotomy in a 31-year-old patient after a fall from a height in the mountains.