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Current journal

Title:
Issues of clinical and fundamental medicine
Number:
2
Year:
2025
Date publication on the site:
2025-06-06 12:07:59
Full journal in PDF:

Content all 7

ASSESSMENT OF THE VALIDITY OF ACTIVE USE OF THE FINDRISK SCORE DURING THE PROCESS OF DISPENSARY
Authors: Ali Mohamed Abdellatif; Olesya Valerevna Kulikova; Sanjarbek Mirzakhakim Ugli Mirzaakhmedov; Landysh Alfridovna, Gabdulvaleeva;
Section: The original article
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by a long latent course, halting initiation of treatment and in-creasing the risk of rapid development of cardiovascular and renal complications. Screening programs help to predict abnormal glucose tolerance in early stages, thus preventing T2DM and its complications. We conducted a study to evaluate the rate of using FINDRISK score in the daily practices of health care professionals and found that approximately 75 % of them are not calculating. Also we calculated this score in 81 employees of Mari State university to identify the risk of developing T2DM among them. Low, slightly increased, moderate, high, very high risk was identified in 28.5 %, 31 %, 11 %, 27 %, 2.5 % consecutively.
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BIOMARKERS OF NEUROBIOLOGICAL DISORDERS IN PTSD: BIOCHEMICAL AND INFLAMMATORY (PART 1)
Authors: Sergey Dmitrievich Balokhin; Timur Dinarovich Khaibullin; Vadim Eduardovich Tseilikman;
Section: The original article
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common mental illness that occurs as a result of exposure to traumatic events. It affects a significant number of people, including military personnel, victims of violence and survivors of natural disasters. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in studying biomarkers of PTSD, as they can significantly improve the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of this disorder. Biomarkers, including neuroimaging data, genetic markers, and molecular indicators, can provide valuable information about the pathophysiology of PTSD and individual differences in stress response. This article examines current advances in the identification of PTSD biomarkers and their potential application in clinical practice, emphasizing the importance of further research in this area to improve the quality of life of patients. Objective: to systematically analyze modern scientific data on biochemical and inflammatory biomarkers of neurobiological disorders in PTSD. Materials. The literature was searched in the international databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar using the key terms: PTSD biomarkers, neurobiological markers of PTSD, oxidative stress and PTSD, inflammatory biomarkers in PTSD, cytokines in PTSD. The review includes original research, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews in English and Russian that meet the following criteria: The focus is on the biochemical and inflammatory aspects of PTSD, the availability of clear diagnostic or prognostic data, and the clinical significance of the results. Special attention was paid to studies investigating disorders of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, indicators of oxidative stress, levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-alpha, CRP), neurotrophic factors (BDNF), as well as changes in neurotransmitter systems in PTSD. Methods. In preparing this review, a comprehensive analysis of modern scientific publications devoted to the study of biochemical and inflammatory markers in post-traumatic stress disorder was carried out. The selected publications were critically analyzed in terms of methodological rigor, reproducibility of the results, and potential clinical applicability of the identified biomarkers.
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STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF LEUKOCYTE INDICES IN BURN DISEASE
Authors: Vadim Leonidovich Grigoryev; Aleksey Vyacheslavovich Afinogenov; Igor Vyacheslavovich Madyanov; Stanislav Ivanovich Stolyarov; Evgeny Vitalievich Oreshnikov;
Section: The original article
The article analyzes the results of laboratory blood tests obtained from patients on the day of admission to the emergency room and calculates various leukocyte indices in patients with burn disease. The study was conducted based on the case histories of the Republican Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Health of Chuvashia in the period 2024–2025. The study was aimed at identifying the informativeness of leukocyte indices in relation to predicting the severity of burn disease. Some leukocyte indices are sufficiently informative in predicting the severity of this disease.
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THE PREVALENCE OF HIV INFECTION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND IN THE WORLD IN THE PERIOD 2013–2023
Authors: Maria Aleksandrovna Wekker; Elvina Ilshatovna Gilazutdinova; Tanzilya Khafizovna Amirova;
Section: The original article
Aim of the study. To assess and study the dynamics of diagnostics and treatment of HIV infection in Russia and abroad based on the literature review and statistical data for the period 2013–2023. Materials and methods of the study. Official statistical data from 80 state reports ‘On the state of sanitary-epidemiological well-being of the population’ for 2013–2023, containing general data on HIV infection both in Russia and for specific cities of the Volga Federal District (the Republic of Mari El, Kirov, Nizhny Novgorod, Tatarstan, Chuvash Republic) were used in the analysis. The obtained statistical materials were summarised and analysed according to the methodology developed by the Federal Centre for Hygiene and Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor, with calculation of the incidence rate per 100,000 people, testing coverage, incidence according to sex and modes of HIV infection. Results. At present, HIV infection refers to diseases with a chronic course regulated by medication. The main problem that complicates diagnosis is the long asymptomatic course of the disease, which is dangerous for both the patient and others. Despite positive dynamics in such parameters as treatment coverage and the number of cases of mother-to-fetus transmission, HIV infection remains one of the global public health problems in Russia and abroad, requiring more careful study and control.
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CLINICAL CASE OF TREATMENT OF A SADDLE-SHAPED UTERUS, COURSE OF PREGNANCY AND DELIVERY
Authors: Elvira Nikolaevna Vasilyeva; Tamara Gennadievna Denisova; Melsik Spartakovich Denisov; Boris Petrovich Zakharov; Anatoly Evgenievich Sidorov; Elena Alekseevna Denisova; Ekaterina Gennadyevna Gruzinova;
Section: A clinical case
The paper considers a clinical case of treatment of infertility, course of pregnancy and delivery in a woman with a saddle-shaped uterus. With these malformations of the female genital organs, infertility and pregnancy complications are possible, such as the threat of termination of pregnancy, premature birth, abnormalities of the placenta, and labor disorders.
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SYSTEMIC MANIFESTATIONS AND COMORBIDITIES OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD)
Authors: Adilya Ilfatovna Kashbutdinova; Maksim Olegovich Ilyin; Vadim Aleksandrovich Kichigin; Alexey Sergeevich Abyzov;
Section: Literature review
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a result of inflammation and/or alterations in repair mechanisms, the “release” of inflammatory mediators into the bloodstream can lead to important systemic manifestations of the disease. Systemic inflammation aggravates comorbidities (ischemic heart disease, heart failure, osteoporosis, normocytic anemia, lung cancer, depression, diabetes). Comorbidities increase the incidence of COPD, lead to increased hospitalizations, mortality and health care costs. They complicate the management of COPD and require careful assessment. There are two points of view on the relationship between systemic manifestations and comorbidities of COPD. For many, manifestations are the result of a systemic “spillover” of inflammatory processes occurring in the lungs of patients with COPD, with the disease remaining the center of the process. Whereas for others, the pulmonary manifestations of COPD are another form of expression of a “systemic” inflammatory condition with damage to many organs. Both perspectives have merit but have different therapeutic implications. The first focuses on the lungs, while the second focuses on systemic inflammation. It is clear that the next decade will see an explosion of information attempting to clarify the links between COPD and its systemic manifestations, provide evidence of mechanisms, and improve patient management. The distinction between systemic manifestation and comorbidity is difficult to define, and the authors of this review consider them together
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EVOLUTION OF DIAGNOSTIC APPROACHES TO POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME AND NEW SOLUTIONS
Authors: Nadezhda Anatolyevna Troshina; Marina Andreevna Kobzeva;
Section: The original article
Introduction. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women worldwide. Diagnostic criteria for this syndrome were first established in 1990 and have been repeatedly revised since then. The purpose of the work. Based on the literature review, to systematize the data and analyze the prevalence and diagnostic criteria of PCOS. Materials and methods. In this work, the literature from the PubMed, Oxford Academic, ResearchGate, CyberLeninka databases was studied. For the study, using keywords, studies were selected devoted to the analysis of diagnostic criteria and assessing the prevalence of PCOS. Results and discussion. The work considered changes in PCOS diagnostic criteria since 1990, as well as the frequency of occurrence of this pathology based on different approaches to its detection. The results of studies conducted in different years using the approved criteria showed that the use of more modern methods significantly increases the number of diagnosed cases of PCOS. The analysis demonstrated that the prevalence of PCOS varies from 6 % to 21 % depending on the criteria used. Conclusion. It was found that the presence of various methods for diagnosing PCOS leads to significant differences in prevalence rates. Methods based on the Rott and AE-PCOS criteria were recognized as the most effective due to the wide coverage of clinical manifestations, which is especially important for women who do not meet all the classic NIH parameters. Attention is also focused on the difference in the frequency of manifestation of individual symptoms, which emphasizes their heterogeneity and underestimation in diagnosis. Thus, the analysis confirmed the need to optimize diagnostics for the timely initiation of treatment, prevention of metabolic and reproductive disorders.
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