Current journal
- Title:
- Issues of clinical and fundamental medicine
- Number:
- 1
- Year:
- 2025
- Date publication on the site:
- 2025-03-19 09:12:56
- Full journal in PDF:
-
Content all 8
OPERATIONAL EXPERIENCE OF MOBILE SPECIALISED «GERIATRIC» BRIGADES OF THE EMERGENCY AID
Authors: Viktor Borisovich Saleev; Viktor Sergeevich Nikitin; Natalya Nikolaevna Plotnikova;
Section: The original article
ABSTRACT. In the present article the data about features of rendering in the emergency aid to patients of advanced age is cited. In article the 45-year-old operational experience of specialised (geriatric) brigades in the emergency aid is resulted. In one of monographies feature adressing the elderly population to emergency aid is studied, and
the phenomenon “over addressing” is proved. The given estimations of quality of rendering of emergency aid are cited by the elderly patient and the demographic structure of the elderly population that matters for planning
of activity of the emergency aid is studied.
DETERMINATION OF BIOLOGICAL TARGETS AND TYPES OF PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF NEW PARTIALLY HYDROGENATED PYRIDINES, DERIVATIVES Α-CYANOTHIOACETAMIDE
Authors: Anastasia Aleksandrovna Bocheva; Elena Yuryevna Bibik; Sergey Gennadievich Krivokolysko;
Section: The original article
ABSTRACT. Modern pharmacological research is directly related to the analysis of the design of chemical compounds aimed at searching for substances with a certain profile of target-specific activity. The molecular composition and structural structure of compounds is directly related to their biological activity and in order to determine the macromolecular biological structure to which the pharmacological effect will be directed, a preliminary assessment is necessary, which is possible when conducting in silico studies using virtual bioscreening programs. The aim
of the work is to predict the types of pharmacological activity of molecules of new compounds and identify
possible targets for interaction using open digital databases. New partially hydrogenated pyridines, derivatives
of α-cyanothioacetamide (α-CTA), synthesized on the basis of the HIMEX Research Institute of V. Dahl LSU, were subjected to biological screening using the Swiss Target Prediction and Pass Online software package. The paper considers the results of virtual computer simulation in silico for compounds with laboratory ciphers cv-091, cv-095, cv-099, cv-142, these samples are derivatives of α-cyanothioacetamide (α-CTA), which since its synthesis has shown itself to be a unique multifunctional reagent with great synthetic capabilities.
KEYWORDS: cyanothioacetamide derivatives; 1,4-dihydropyridines; biological screening; in silico; biological activi-ty.
EFFICIENT PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGISTS IN THE REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Elena Aleksandrovna Solenova; Elza Vladimirovna Ivanova; Elena Vladimirovna Barsukova; Irina Vyacheslavovna Vasilieva; Elena Vladimirovna Ivanova; Svetlana Viktorovna Styazhkova; Svetlana Ivanovna Pavlova;
Section: A clinical case
The article presents the results of screening testing of clinical pharmacologists for effective communication skills as one of the key tools for implementing their work functions. The purpose of the testing was to assess the professional communication skills of clinical pharmacologists from different regions of the Russian Federation. To assess the skills of respondents, the test questionnaire “Assessment of communication skills according to A. A. Karelin” was used. It was found that the highest level of communication skills among respondents was among clinical pharmacologists with a medical category and an academic degree. It was lower among young clinical pharmacologists than in older age groups. The results obtained indicate the need to pay attention to the identified problem of interpersonal communication along the «doctor-to-doctor» line, as well as the introduction of additional educational programs for the training of young doctors.
TUBERCULOSIS MORBIDITY IN THE REPUBLIC OF MARI EL: TRENDS AND CHANGES IN 2014–2023
Authors: Maria Aleksandrovna Wekker; Elvina Ilshatovna Gilazutdinova; Tanzilya Khafizovna Amirova;
Section: Literature review
The aim of the study was to analyse the incidence of tuberculosis in the Republic of Mari El for the period from 2013 to 2023.
Materials and methods of the study. The methodology was based on statistical data obtained from reports on sanitary and epidemiological well-being.
Results of the study. In Russia as a whole, the incidence of tuberculosis decreased from 62.79 to 29.4 per 100,000 population, which is associated with an increase in the coverage of preventive examinations and vaccinations. The Republic of Mari El also experienced a decrease in incidence from 60.0 to 32.4 per 100,000 population, but there was an increase in incidence in 2022 and 2023, highlighting the need for further study. The highest incidence rates in 2023 were recorded in the Novotoryalsky and Sernursky districts.
Conclusion. In general, despite the positive trends, it is necessary to continue work on the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis.
ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS ON HEMODIALYSIS
Authors: Maria Maximovna Zakharova; Yuriy Olegovich Zakharov; Tatyana Alexandrovna Nikandrova; Anna Ilyinichna Murzukova; Svetlana Valerievna Lezhenina ;
Section: Literature review
There is a tendency towards an increase in the incidence of chronic kidney disease throughout the world. In this regard, the goal was set — to assess the quality of life of patients with terminal stage chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis (HD) in the Chuvash Republic. Materials and methods: an analysis of the theoretical material was conducted, the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form (KDQOL-SF) questionnaire was modified, in which it was decided to leave the basic form SF-36, the scales “Burden of kidney disease” (4 questions)
and “Symptoms/problems” (20 questions) and supplement them with demographic indicators: age, gender, labor status.
Based on the results of the study, the following data were obtained: from September to December 2024, 50 people completed the survey, based on the hemodialysis department of the State Budgetary Institution “Republican Clinical Hospital” of the Ministry of Health of the Chechen Republic. According to the survey results, the average score on the scale “Burden of kidney disease” is 14.8, and for 58 % of respondents, the disease takes away time and interferes with everyday life. Low psychological support from others came to the fore as a reason.
The most common symptoms/stressors were: anxiety related to the disease itself (58.33 %), limited ability to travel (54.17 %), reduced ability to do housework (45.84 %) and dependence on medical staff.
The average assessment of the quality of life of patients on hemodialysis was 58.01. The lowest score was obtained for “Role functioning related to physical condition”. Separately, the average value for “Physical health” was 52.3, and for “Mental health” — 63.7. In the 2 groups divided by gender, no differences were observed (in men and women it was 58.58 and 57.36, respectively). However, when determining the age structure, a greater decrease in the quality of life was noted in the older group.
Based on the obtained results, the following conclusions were made: hemodialysis, despite its positive aspects, leads to long-term stress, can cause the development of anxiety and depressive disorders and has a significant impact on all areas of patients' lives. The limitations were the small sample size, heterogeneity of the groups, and the short period of the study.
THE ROLE OF THERAPEUTIC PHYSICAL CULTURE IN MODERN MEDICINE. AVAILABILITY OF THERAPEUTIC PHYSICAL EDUCATION FOR PATIENTS
Authors: Rostislav Andreevich Dergachev; Танзиля Хафизовна Amirova;
Section: Literature review
In the presented review article, the working group set out to study the role of Therapeutic Physical Culture in modern medicine, as well as to identify its accessibility for patients.
Scientific publications, Internet resources and statistical data on queries of interest were selected as research mate-rial, which in turn was carefully structured and analyzed.
The result of the research was to familiarize the reader with the work done, the formation of information tables and the illumination of the questions raised.
The result of the research was to familiarize the reader with the work done, the formation of information tables and the illumination of the questions raised.
The conclusion that the group came to is that the role of exercise therapy in modern medicine is significant both for desire and rehabilitation, and as a disease prevention, but many aspects of exercise therapy remain underes-timated, which leads to some difficulties in its accessibility for patients.
INFERTILITY: SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS
Authors: Elena Georgievna Etkerova; Svetlana Valerievna Lezhenina; Evgeniya Nikolaevna Ignatyeva; Nadezhda Vyacheslavovna Shuvalova; Elena Alekseevna Denisova;
Section: Literature review
he article presents a review of the literature on the problem of infertility and risk factors; in connection with the demographic crisis in the Russian Federation, this issue is becoming extremely relevant. According to the WHO report of 2023, about 17.5 % of the entire adult population of the world suffers from infertility, that is, about every sixth person. Statistics on infertility in the Russian Federation are also disappointing. According to the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, the prevalence of female infertility over 10 years (2011–2021) has increased by a third, male — almost twice. In 2023, the number of women with infertility in the Russian Federation was 254.8 thousand people, of which 66.8 thousand people were diagnosed for the first time.
PREDIABETES: ISSUES OF DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT. TO HELP AN INTERNIST
Authors: Igor Vyacheslavovich Madyanov;
Section: Clinical lecture
Worldwide, there is an increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), which is dominated by type 2 diabetes (DM2), known for its high association with cardiovascular diseases. For the prevention of vascular complications, early detection and correction of carbohydrate disorders preceding the manifestation of DM2 is important. Such early disorders, which can be detected in routine practice, include a condition treated as prediabetes. Prediabetes is an intermediate state of carbohydrate metabolism between normal and manifest DM2, which
is established during a standard oral glucose tolerance test and documented by the presence of one of the early carbohydrate disorders: either impaired fasting glycemia or impaired glucose tolerance..
The lecture reflects the criteria for the diagnosis of prediabetes, the main risk factors for type 2 diabetes, and the principles of treatment for this condition, which includes behavioral and drug therapy.
Behavioral therapy is based on adherence to the principles of rational nutrition and the patient's exercise routine. The main goal of these measures is to reduce body weight by 5-7% of the initial weight, which is associated with
a significant reduction in the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
A significant proportion of patients with prediabetes have insufficient adherence to behavioral therapy. There-fore,
in the absence of contraindications, medication should be used to normalize carbohydrate metabolism and pre-vent type 2 diabetes.
Despite the variety of medicines offered for the treatment of prediabetes, metformin is considered as the only drug in domestic regulatory documents for the treatment of this condition. In people with prediabetes, the drug is used during or after meals in a daily dose of 1000-1700 mg divided into 2 doses, metformin with prolonged re-lease
in tablets of 500-750 mg, 2 tablets 1 time per day. It is indicated that the use of metformin in prediabetes contrib-utes to a significant reduction in the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
The lecture is mainly aimed at first—contact physicians - internists, general practitioners, and endocrinologists at the polyclinic.