Current journal
- Title:
- Issues of clinical and fundamental medicine
- Number:
- 3
- Year:
- 2025
- Date publication on the site:
- 2025-09-01 15:36:56
- Full journal in PDF:
-
Content all 7
HIV Infection: Statistical Analysis of Morbidity in the Republic of Mari El for 2014–2023
Authors: Zaripova Alina Ruslanovna; Ilya Vladimirovich Petrov; Firuza Salavatovna Petrova; Tanzilya Khafizovna Amirova;
Section: The original article
Aim of the study: is an epidemiological analysis of the incidence of HIV infection in the Republic of Mari El for the period from 2014 to 2023. The study is aimed at identifying the dynamics of morbidity, analysing the transmis-sion routes and assessing the effectiveness of preventive measures.
Materials and methods: the study used data from the report of Rospotrebnadzor ‘On the state of sanitary and epi-demiological well-being of the population of the Republic of Mari El in 2023’ and publications from the CyberLenin-ka portal. Retrospective analysis was chosen as the research method, which allowed to assess changes in the inci-dence of HIV infection for the specified period.
Results of the study. The analysis showed that there was a decrease in incidence in 2014 and 2015, but from 2015 to 2018, the frequency of case registrations started to increase. Between 2018 and 2022, there was a decrease in the number of cases, but in 2023, the number of registrations increased again to 31.2 per 100,000 population. The highest incidence was recorded in the cities of Volzhsk and Yoshkar-Ola, as well as in Volzhsky and Medvedevsky districts. In the first five months of 2023, 99,564 people were examined and 86 new cases were detected, which is significantly higher than in the same period of 2022.
Conclusion. The situation with HIV incidence in the Republic of Mari El remains unstable and requires active in-tervention by health authorities. Despite some successes in prevention, the increase in the number of new cases in 2023 highlights the need to strengthen education programmes and the availability of antiretroviral therapy. Sexual transmission remains the leading route of transmission, which requires an emphasis on safe behaviour. Sustained at-tention and action can help reduce the incidence and improve the quality of life of people living with HIV.
Insulin Resistance and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: Frequency of Occurrence in Different Phenotypes
Authors: Nadezhda Anatolyevna Troshina; Marina Andreevna Kobzeva;
Section: The original article
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common mental illness that occurs as a result of exposure to traumatic events. It affects a significant number of people, including military personnel, victims of violence and survivors of natural disasters. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in studying biomarkers of PTSD, as they can significantly improve the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of this disorder. Biomarkers, including neuroimaging data, genetic markers, and molecular indicators, can provide valuable information about the pathophysiology of PTSD and individual differences in stress response. This article examines current advances in the identification of PTSD biomarkers and their potential application in clinical practice, emphasizing the importance of further research in this area to improve the quality of life of patients.
Objective: to systematically analyze modern scientific data on biochemical and inflammatory biomarkers of neurobiological disorders in PTSD.
Materials. The literature was searched in the international databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar using the key terms: PTSD biomarkers, neurobiological markers of PTSD, oxidative stress and PTSD, inflammatory biomarkers in PTSD, cytokines in PTSD. The review includes original research, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews in English and Russian that meet the following criteria: The focus is on the biochemical and inflammatory aspects of PTSD, the availability of clear diagnostic or prognostic data, and the clinical significance of the results. Special attention was paid to studies investigating disorders of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, indicators of oxidative stress, levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-alpha, CRP), neurotrophic factors (BDNF), as well as changes in neurotransmitter systems in PTSD.
Methods. In preparing this review, a comprehensive analysis of modern scientific publications devoted to the study of biochemical and inflammatory markers in post-traumatic stress disorder was carried out. The selected publications were critically analyzed in terms of methodological rigor, reproducibility of the results, and potential clinical applicability of the identified biomarkers.
Tick-Borne Encephalitis and Ixodes Tick Borreliosis: A Five-Year Statistical Analysis of Morbidity in the Republic of Tatarstan for 2020–2024.
Authors: Landysh Khalimovna Zabirova ; Aliya Airatovna Mukhametgaleeva ; Tanzilya Khafizovna Amirova;
Section: The original article
The problem of the spread of natural infections transmitted by ixodid ticks remains relevant for Russian healthcare, affecting both the medical sphere and the social life of society.
The aim of the study is to conduct an epidemiological analysis of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) and Lyme borreliosis (LB) in the Republic of Tatarstan from 2020 to 2024. The research focuses on identifying trends in morbidity rates and evaluating preventive measures' effectiveness.
Materials and methods: Data were collected from official reports “On the State of Sanitary-Epidemiological Well-being of the Population of the Republic of Tatarstan” for 2020–2024 and publication of scientific journals. A retrospective analysis was employed to assess changes in TBE and LB morbidity over this period.
Results: Local cases of TBE decreased gradually except for 2023 and 2024 when the first indigenous infections occurred within Tatarstan's territory. In contrast, LB incidence remained relatively stable with minor fluctuations across years. Annual increases in patient visits due to tick bites were observed; however, detection rate of TBE virus in tested samples remained consistently low.
Conclusion: Epidemiological situation in Tatarstan demonstrates relative stability and a low frequency of dangerous tick-borne infections transmission. Nevertheless, further efforts are needed to improve prevention strategies, raise public awareness, and enhance healthcare services quality. Keywords: Tick-borne Encephalitis, Lyme Borreliosis, Vaccination Efficiency, Vaccination Coverage, Population Morbidity.
Characteristics of Hemostasis in a Clinical Case of Patient P. and Clinical Features of Her Pregnancy
Authors: Lidiya Aleksandrovna Filkina;
Section: A clinical case
Introduction. The study of the hemostatic system features in pregnant women is due to the fact that these disorders occupy an important place in obstetrics and gynecology and its disorders are one of the most common pathological conditions encountered in pregnant women. Objective. Using the clinical case of patient P. as an example, to consider the features of the hemostasis system and clinical features of her pregnancy. Materials and methods. The case history data were taken from the mother's card and the medical information system “qMS” of the multidisciplinary clinic “Istochnik” in Chelyabinsk. Results. In the course of the work, the main analyzes of the hemostasis system, the condition of the pregnant woman and the fetus throughout the pregnancy were considered. Conclusion. It has been established that the study of the hemostasis system is an important marker of obstetric pathologies not only at the stage of pregravid preparation, but also throughout the pregnancy. This patient P. was transferred to the inpatient department in a timely manner, which prevented the death of the mother and child.
KEYWORDS: hemostasis system, complications of pregnancy, premature operative birth.
Heterotopic Pregnancy: Analysis of a Clinical Case
Authors: Tatiana Nikolaevna Sidorova; Svetlana Safinovna Zhamlikhanova; Tamara Nikandrovna Okhotina; Yulia Olegovna Andreeva; Yulia Evgenievna Davydova; Elena Alekseevna Denisova; Valentina Mikhailovna Levitskaya;
Section: A clinical case
Heterotopic pregnancy is a rare but life-threatening condition that represents the simultaneous development of an intrauterine and ectopic pregnancy (most often in the fallopian tube). Risk factors include surgery on the fallopian tubes, previous ectopic pregnancy, inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs, and the use of assisted reproductive technologies. Diagnosis is difficult due to the nonspecificity of symptoms and the presence of an intrauterine pregnancy, which can lead to a missed diagnosis and dangerous consequences, such as intra-abdominal bleeding. The main goal of treatment is to remove an ectopic pregnancy while preserving the intrauterine pregnancy. Treatment methods include conservative therapy (methotrexate, letrazole, gefitinib) in hemodynamically stable patients with low b-hCG levels, signs of a non-developing intrauterine pregnancy, and surgical intervention (salpingostomy, salpingectomy). Laparoscopic salpingectomy is the most preferred method, as it reduces the risk of complications and recurrence of tubal pregnancy. Objective: to present a clinical observation of heterotopic pregnancy. Materials and methods: medical documentation (medical history of an inpatient, laboratory and instrumental diagnostic data). This clinical case demonstrates the occurrence of spontaneous heterotopic pregnancy without significant risk factors, with the exception of the late reproductive period, which explains its uniqueness. Subjective symptoms (lower abdominal pain, bloody vaginal discharge, severe general weakness) on day 33 of the menstrual cycle were the reason for calling an ambulance and visiting the emergency department. Signs of hemorrhagic shock and ectopic pregnancy identified at the hospital stage were an indication for emergency surgical intervention. The presence of corpora lutea of the same size on both ovaries, an altered right fallopian tube with a fetal receptacle in the isthmic section, an enlarged uterus up to 5 weeks with a fertilized egg in the cavity, allow us to assume the onset of uterine and tubal pregnancy in the same menstrual cycle. Heterotopic pregnancy poses a serious threat to health, especially in connection with the increased use of assisted reproductive technologies. The complexity of diagnosis, the lack of specific signs and the risk of missing an ectopic component require improving diagnostic and treatment protocols, as well as finding ways to reduce the risk of this condition.
Biomarkers of Neurobiological Disorders in PTSD: Genetic and Structural (part 2).
Authors: Sergey Dmitrievich Balokhin; Timur Dinarovich Khaibullin; Vadim Eduardovich Tseilikman;
Section: Literature review
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a significant medical and social problem that develops as a result of exposure to extreme psychotraumatic factors. This review, being a logical continuation of the first part of the study, presents a comprehensive analysis of modern data on structural and genetic changes associated with PTSD, and also argues for the relevance of further research aimed at improving the quality of life of patients with PTSD.
The Impact of Inflammatory Diseases of the Oral Cavity on Puberty in Girls
Authors: Tamara Gennadievna Denisova; Yulia Vladimirovna Epifanova; Aysel Akhmetovna Badem; Tatiana Nikolaevna Sidorova; Gulsina Ramisovna Salakhova ;
Section: A clinical case
In the national strategy of the Russian Federation, the protection of the reproductive health of young people is a priority. Menstrual disorders among adolescent girls reach 80 %. According to the WHO, the prevalence of inflammatory periodontal diseases in young children is about 10 %, in adolescents — up to 90 %. The relevance of studying the influence of inflammatory diseases of the mouth on the puberty of girls is associated with several factors: the restructuring of the body during puberty, the relationship between menstrual dysfunction and inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity, the impact on the development of reproductive function. Thus, studying the influence of inflammatory diseases of the mouth on the puberty of girls is important for understanding the possible consequences and developing preventive measures, taking into account the characteristics of adolescence.