Issues of clinical and fundamental medicine
- Title:
- Issues of clinical and fundamental medicine
- Number:
- 3
- Year:
- 2025
- Date publication on the site:
- 2025-09-01 15:36:56
- Full journal in PDF:
-

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[id_section] => 1
[id] => 50
[id_journal] => 7
[name_ru] => ВИЧ-инфекция: статистический анализ заболеваемости в Республике Марий Эл за 2014–2023 годы
[annotation_ru] => Цель исследования — эпидемиологический анализ заболеваемости ВИЧ-инфекцией в Республике Марий Эл за период с 2014 по 2023 год. Исследование направлено на выявление динамики заболеваемости, анализ путей передачи инфекции и оценку эффективности профилактических мер.
Материалы и методы: в исследовании использовались данные из доклада Роспотребнадзора «О состоянии санитарно-эпидемиологического благополучия населения Республики Марий Эл в 2023 году» и публикации с портала CyberLeninka. Методом исследования был выбран ретроспективный анализ, что позволило оценить изменения в заболеваемости ВИЧ-инфекцией за указанный период.
Результаты исследования. Анализ показал, что в 2014 и 2015 годах наблюдалось снижение заболеваемости, однако с 2015 по 2018 год частота регистрации случаев начала увеличиваться. В 2018–2022 годы произошло снижение числа случаев, но в 2023 году количество регистраций вновь возросло до 31,2 на 100 тыс. населения. Наибольшая пораженность была зафиксирована в городах Волжск и Йошкар-Ола, а также в Волжском и Медведевском районах. За первые пять месяцев 2023 года было обследовано 99 564 человека, выявлено 86 новых случаев, что значительно превышает показатели аналогичного периода 2022 года.
Заключение. Ситуация с заболеваемостью ВИЧ-инфекцией в Республике Марий Эл остается нестабильной и требует активного вмешательства со стороны здравоохранительных органов. Несмотря на некоторые успехи в профилактике, рост числа новых случаев в 2023 году подчеркивает необходимость усиления образовательных программ и доступности антиретровирусной терапии. Ведущим путем передачи инфекции остается половой, что требует акцента на безопасное поведение. Устойчивое внимание к данной проблеме и активные действия могут способствовать снижению заболеваемости и улучшению качества жизни людей, живущих с ВИЧ.
КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА: ВИЧ-инфекция, СПИД, половой путь передачи, пораженность населения.
[text_ru] =>
[name_en] => HIV Infection: Statistical Analysis of Morbidity in the Republic of Mari El for 2014–2023
[annotation_en] => Aim of the study: is an epidemiological analysis of the incidence of HIV infection in the Republic of Mari El for the period from 2014 to 2023. The study is aimed at identifying the dynamics of morbidity, analysing the transmis-sion routes and assessing the effectiveness of preventive measures.
Materials and methods: the study used data from the report of Rospotrebnadzor ‘On the state of sanitary and epi-demiological well-being of the population of the Republic of Mari El in 2023’ and publications from the CyberLenin-ka portal. Retrospective analysis was chosen as the research method, which allowed to assess changes in the inci-dence of HIV infection for the specified period.
Results of the study. The analysis showed that there was a decrease in incidence in 2014 and 2015, but from 2015 to 2018, the frequency of case registrations started to increase. Between 2018 and 2022, there was a decrease in the number of cases, but in 2023, the number of registrations increased again to 31.2 per 100,000 population. The highest incidence was recorded in the cities of Volzhsk and Yoshkar-Ola, as well as in Volzhsky and Medvedevsky districts. In the first five months of 2023, 99,564 people were examined and 86 new cases were detected, which is significantly higher than in the same period of 2022.
Conclusion. The situation with HIV incidence in the Republic of Mari El remains unstable and requires active in-tervention by health authorities. Despite some successes in prevention, the increase in the number of new cases in 2023 highlights the need to strengthen education programmes and the availability of antiretroviral therapy. Sexual transmission remains the leading route of transmission, which requires an emphasis on safe behaviour. Sustained at-tention and action can help reduce the incidence and improve the quality of life of people living with HIV.
[text_en] =>
[udk] =>
[order] => 1
[filepdf_ru] => 50_ru.pdf
[filepdf_en] => 50_en.pdf
[download] => annot68b5966d2059a.pdf
[section_ru] => Оригинальная статья
[section_en] => The original article
[authors] => Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[author_ru] => Алина Руслановна Зарипова
[author_en] => Zaripova Alina Ruslanovna
)
[1] => Array
(
[author_ru] => Илья Владимирович Петров
[author_en] => Ilya Vladimirovich Petrov
)
[2] => Array
(
[author_ru] => Фируза Салаватовна Петрова
[author_en] => Firuza Salavatovna Petrova
)
[3] => Array
(
[author_ru] => Танзиля Хафизовна Амирова
[author_en] => Tanzilya Khafizovna Amirova
)
)
)
[1] => Array
(
[id_section] => 1
[id] => 51
[id_journal] => 7
[name_ru] => Инсулинорезистентность и синдром поликистоза яичников: частота встречаемости при различных фенотипах
[annotation_ru] => Введение. Синдром поликистоза яичников (СПЯ) представляет собой распространенное эндокринное рас-стройство среди женщин репродуктивного возраста, проявляющееся клинической или биохимической гипе-рандрогенией, хронической ановуляцией и поликистозной структурой яичников по данным УЗИ. Основными механизмами синдрома являются нарушения синтеза гонадотропных гормонов и развитие резистентности к инсулину. Последние исследования показывают, что повышенные уровни гормонов и метаболические пока-затели могут служить новыми параметрами для определения фенотипа СПЯ. В частности, инсулинорези-стентность существенно влияет на клинические проявления синдрома и его течение, однако на данный мо-мент в перечень диагностических критериев не входит. Цель работы. Проведение сравнительного анализа гормональных показателей у женщин с разными фенотипами СПЯ для оценки взаимосвязи между инсулино-резистентностью и гиперандрогенией в зависимости от клинического фенотипа синдрома. Материалы и методы. Объектом исследования являлись 46 женщин с СПЯ, разделенные на 4 группы согласно феноти-пам. Оценивались уровни инсулина, общего тестостерона, глюкозы и индекса HOMA. Для межгруппового сравнения был использован критерий Краскела – Уоллиса с последующим пост-хок тестом Данна. Резуль-таты и обсуждение. Наибольшая выраженность ГА и ИР отмечена в фенотипах A и B (уровень тестосте-рона до 2,84 нмоль/л, HOMA-IR > 2,9 у 50–70 %). Фенотипы C и D демонстрируют близкие к норме показа-тели (тестостерон ≤1,26 нмоль/л, HOMA-IR < 2,9). Сочетание ГА и ИР характерно для фенотипов A и B (50–61,5 %), что подтверждает их метаболическую гетерогенность. Заключение. Результаты исследования де-монстрируют значимую взаимосвязь между гиперандрогенией и инсулинорезистентностью у пациенток с классическим и ановуляторным фенотипами СПЯ. Учитывая статистическую значимость полученных дан-ных и различия в индексах HOMA между группами, мы подтверждаем ключевую роль инсулинорезистент-ности в патогенезе гиперандрогенных форм СПЯ, таким образом обосновав необходимость оценки ИР при диагностике синдрома.
[text_ru] =>
[name_en] => Insulin Resistance and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: Frequency of Occurrence in Different Phenotypes
[annotation_en] => Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common mental illness that occurs as a result of exposure to traumatic events. It affects a significant number of people, including military personnel, victims of violence and survivors of natural disasters. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in studying biomarkers of PTSD, as they can significantly improve the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of this disorder. Biomarkers, including neuroimaging data, genetic markers, and molecular indicators, can provide valuable information about the pathophysiology of PTSD and individual differences in stress response. This article examines current advances in the identification of PTSD biomarkers and their potential application in clinical practice, emphasizing the importance of further research in this area to improve the quality of life of patients.
Objective: to systematically analyze modern scientific data on biochemical and inflammatory biomarkers of neurobiological disorders in PTSD.
Materials. The literature was searched in the international databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar using the key terms: PTSD biomarkers, neurobiological markers of PTSD, oxidative stress and PTSD, inflammatory biomarkers in PTSD, cytokines in PTSD. The review includes original research, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews in English and Russian that meet the following criteria: The focus is on the biochemical and inflammatory aspects of PTSD, the availability of clear diagnostic or prognostic data, and the clinical significance of the results. Special attention was paid to studies investigating disorders of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, indicators of oxidative stress, levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-alpha, CRP), neurotrophic factors (BDNF), as well as changes in neurotransmitter systems in PTSD.
Methods. In preparing this review, a comprehensive analysis of modern scientific publications devoted to the study of biochemical and inflammatory markers in post-traumatic stress disorder was carried out. The selected publications were critically analyzed in terms of methodological rigor, reproducibility of the results, and potential clinical applicability of the identified biomarkers.
[text_en] =>
[udk] =>
[order] => 2
[filepdf_ru] => 51_ru.pdf
[filepdf_en] => 51_en.pdf
[download] => annot68b68e265f1f5.pdf
[section_ru] => Оригинальная статья
[section_en] => The original article
[authors] => Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[author_ru] => Надежда Анатольевна Трошина
[author_en] => Nadezhda Anatolyevna Troshina
)
[1] => Array
(
[author_ru] => Марина Андреевна Кобзева
[author_en] => Marina Andreevna Kobzeva
)
)
)
[2] => Array
(
[id_section] => 1
[id] => 52
[id_journal] => 7
[name_ru] => Клещевой энцефалит и иксодовый клещевой боррелиоз: пятилетний статистический анализ заболеваемости в Республике Татарстан за 2020–2024 годы
[annotation_ru] => Актуальность проблемы распространения природных инфекций, передаваемых иксодовыми клещами, сохраняется для российского здравоохранения, затрагивая как медицинскую сферу, так и социальную жизнь общества.
Цель исследования — эпидемиологический анализ заболеваемости клещевого вирусного энцефалита (КВЭ) и иксодового клещевого боррелиоза (ИКБ) в Республике Татарстан (РТ) за период с 2020 по 2024 год. Исследование направлено на выявление динамики заболеваемости и оценку эффективности профилактических мер.
Материалы и методы: в исследовании использовались данные из докладов «О состоянии санитарно-эпидемиологического благополучия населения Республики Татарстан» с 2020 по 2024 год и публикации научных изданий. Методом исследования был выбран ретроспективный анализ, что позволило оценить
изменения в заболеваемости КВЭ и ИКБ за указанный период.
Результаты исследования. Выявлено постепенное снижение местной заболеваемости КВЭ, исключение составили 2023 и 2024 годы, когда появились первые случаи заболеваний, возникшие непосредственно на территории Татарстана. Напротив, заболеваемость ИКБ оставалась относительно стабильной, с небольшим снижением в отдельные годы. Обращаемость населения по поводу укусов клещами увеличивалась ежегодно, однако процент обнаружения вируса КВЭ в проверенных образцах оставался стабильно низким.
Заключение. Анализ эпидемиологической ситуации в Республике Татарстан показывает ее относительную стабильность и низкую частоту передачи опасных инфекций клещами. Несмотря на это, необходимы дальнейшие меры по совершенствованию профилактики, увеличению информированности населения и улучшению качества медицинской помощи.
[text_ru] =>
[name_en] => Tick-Borne Encephalitis and Ixodes Tick Borreliosis: A Five-Year Statistical Analysis of Morbidity in the Republic of Tatarstan for 2020–2024.
[annotation_en] => The problem of the spread of natural infections transmitted by ixodid ticks remains relevant for Russian healthcare, affecting both the medical sphere and the social life of society.
The aim of the study is to conduct an epidemiological analysis of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) and Lyme borreliosis (LB) in the Republic of Tatarstan from 2020 to 2024. The research focuses on identifying trends in morbidity rates and evaluating preventive measures' effectiveness.
Materials and methods: Data were collected from official reports “On the State of Sanitary-Epidemiological Well-being of the Population of the Republic of Tatarstan” for 2020–2024 and publication of scientific journals. A retrospective analysis was employed to assess changes in TBE and LB morbidity over this period.
Results: Local cases of TBE decreased gradually except for 2023 and 2024 when the first indigenous infections occurred within Tatarstan's territory. In contrast, LB incidence remained relatively stable with minor fluctuations across years. Annual increases in patient visits due to tick bites were observed; however, detection rate of TBE virus in tested samples remained consistently low.
Conclusion: Epidemiological situation in Tatarstan demonstrates relative stability and a low frequency of dangerous tick-borne infections transmission. Nevertheless, further efforts are needed to improve prevention strategies, raise public awareness, and enhance healthcare services quality. Keywords: Tick-borne Encephalitis, Lyme Borreliosis, Vaccination Efficiency, Vaccination Coverage, Population Morbidity.
[text_en] =>
[udk] =>
[order] => 3
[filepdf_ru] => 52_ru.pdf
[filepdf_en] => 52_en.pdf
[download] => annot68b68f9d77ec1.pdf
[section_ru] => Оригинальная статья
[section_en] => The original article
[authors] => Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[author_ru] => Ландыш Халимовна Забирова
[author_en] => Landysh Khalimovna Zabirova
)
[1] => Array
(
[author_ru] => Алия Айратовна Мухаметгалеева
[author_en] => Aliya Airatovna Mukhametgaleeva
)
[2] => Array
(
[author_ru] => Танзиля Хафизовна Амирова
[author_en] => Tanzilya Khafizovna Amirova
)
)
)
[3] => Array
(
[id_section] => 2
[id] => 53
[id_journal] => 7
[name_ru] => Особенности гемостаза при клиническом случае у пациентки П. и клинические особенности ее беременности
[annotation_ru] => Введение. Изучение особенностей системы гемостаза у беременных обусловлено тем, что эти нарушения занимают важное место в акушерстве и гинекологии и его нарушения являются одним из самых частых па-тологических состояний, встречающихся у беременных женщин. Цель работы — на примере клинического случая пациентки П. рассмотреть особенности системы гемостаза и клинические особенности ее беременно-сти. Материалы и методы. Данные истории болезни были взяты из карты роженицы и медицинской ин-формационной системы qMS многопрофильной клиники «Источник» г. Челябинск. Результаты. В ходе ра-боты были рассмотрены основные анализы системы гемостаза, состояние беременной и плода в течение всей беременности. Заключение. Установлено, что исследование системы гемостаза является важным маркером акушерских патологий не только на этапе прегравидарной подготовки, но и на протяжении всей беременно-сти. Пациентку П. удалось своевременно перевести в стационарное отделение, что позволило предотвратить смерть матери и ребенка.
[text_ru] =>
[name_en] => Characteristics of Hemostasis in a Clinical Case of Patient P. and Clinical Features of Her Pregnancy
[annotation_en] => Introduction. The study of the hemostatic system features in pregnant women is due to the fact that these disorders occupy an important place in obstetrics and gynecology and its disorders are one of the most common pathological conditions encountered in pregnant women. Objective. Using the clinical case of patient P. as an example, to consider the features of the hemostasis system and clinical features of her pregnancy. Materials and methods. The case history data were taken from the mother's card and the medical information system “qMS” of the multidisciplinary clinic “Istochnik” in Chelyabinsk. Results. In the course of the work, the main analyzes of the hemostasis system, the condition of the pregnant woman and the fetus throughout the pregnancy were considered. Conclusion. It has been established that the study of the hemostasis system is an important marker of obstetric pathologies not only at the stage of pregravid preparation, but also throughout the pregnancy. This patient P. was transferred to the inpatient department in a timely manner, which prevented the death of the mother and child.
KEYWORDS: hemostasis system, complications of pregnancy, premature operative birth.
[text_en] =>
[udk] =>
[order] => 4
[filepdf_ru] => 53_ru.pdf
[filepdf_en] => 53_en.pdf
[download] => annot68b6902c346ef.pdf
[section_ru] => Клинический случай
[section_en] => A clinical case
[authors] => Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[author_ru] => Лидия Александровна Филькина
[author_en] => Lidiya Aleksandrovna Filkina
)
)
)
[4] => Array
(
[id_section] => 2
[id] => 54
[id_journal] => 7
[name_ru] => Гетеротопическая беременность: анализ клинического случая // Вопросы клинической и фундаментальной медицины
[annotation_ru] => Гетеротопическая беременность — редкое, но жизнеугрожающее состояние, представляющее одновременное развитие маточной и внематочной беременности (чаще всего в маточной трубе). Факторы риска включают операции на маточных трубах, предшествующую эктопическую беременность, воспалительные заболевания органов малого таза и применение вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий. Диагностика сложна из-за неспецифичности симптомов и наличия внутриматочной беременности, что может привести к упущению диа-гноза и опасным последствиям, таким как внутрибрюшное кровотечение. Основная цель лечения — удаление внематочной беременности с сохранением внутриматочной. Методы лечения включают консервативную те-рапию (метотрексат, летразол, гефитиниб) у гемодинамически стабильных пациенток с низким уровнем b-ХГЧ, признаками неразвивающейся внутриматочной беременности и хирургическое вмешательство (саль-пингостомия, сальпингоэктомия). Сальпингоэктомия, выполняемая лапароскопически, является наиболее предпочтительным методом, так как снижает риск осложнений и повторного возникновения трубной бере-менности.
Цель работы — представление клинического наблюдения гетеротопической беременности.
Материалы и методы: медицинская документация (история болезни стационарной больной, данные
лабораторно-инструментальной диагностики).
Данный клинический случай демонстрирует возникновение спонтанной гетеротопической беременности без значимых факторов риска, за исключением позднего репродуктивного периода, что и объясняет его уникаль-ность. Субъективные проявления (боль внизу живота, кровянистые выделения из половых путей, выражен-ная общая слабость) на 33-й день менструального цикла стали причиной вызова скорой медицинской помощи и обращения в приемное отделение. Выявленные на госпитальном этапе признаки геморрагического шока и эктопической беременности явились показанием к экстренному хирургическому вмешательству.
Наличие желтых тел одинаковых размеров на обоих яичниках, измененная правая маточная труба с пло-довместилищем в истмическом отделе, увеличенная до 5 недель матка с плодным яйцом в полости позволя-ют полагать наступление маточной и трубной беременности в один и тот же менструальный цикл.
Гетеротопическая беременность представляет серьезную угрозу здоровью, особенно в связи с увеличением использования вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий. Сложность диагностики, отсутствие специфи-ческих признаков и риск упущения внематочного компонента требуют совершенствования протоколов диа-гностики и лечения, а также поиска путей снижения риска данного состояния.
[text_ru] =>
[name_en] => Heterotopic Pregnancy: Analysis of a Clinical Case
[annotation_en] => Heterotopic pregnancy is a rare but life-threatening condition that represents the simultaneous development of an intrauterine and ectopic pregnancy (most often in the fallopian tube). Risk factors include surgery on the fallopian tubes, previous ectopic pregnancy, inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs, and the use of assisted reproductive technologies. Diagnosis is difficult due to the nonspecificity of symptoms and the presence of an intrauterine pregnancy, which can lead to a missed diagnosis and dangerous consequences, such as intra-abdominal bleeding. The main goal of treatment is to remove an ectopic pregnancy while preserving the intrauterine pregnancy. Treatment methods include conservative therapy (methotrexate, letrazole, gefitinib) in hemodynamically stable patients with low b-hCG levels, signs of a non-developing intrauterine pregnancy, and surgical intervention (salpingostomy, salpingectomy). Laparoscopic salpingectomy is the most preferred method, as it reduces the risk of complications and recurrence of tubal pregnancy. Objective: to present a clinical observation of heterotopic pregnancy. Materials and methods: medical documentation (medical history of an inpatient, laboratory and instrumental diagnostic data). This clinical case demonstrates the occurrence of spontaneous heterotopic pregnancy without significant risk factors, with the exception of the late reproductive period, which explains its uniqueness. Subjective symptoms (lower abdominal pain, bloody vaginal discharge, severe general weakness) on day 33 of the menstrual cycle were the reason for calling an ambulance and visiting the emergency department. Signs of hemorrhagic shock and ectopic pregnancy identified at the hospital stage were an indication for emergency surgical intervention. The presence of corpora lutea of the same size on both ovaries, an altered right fallopian tube with a fetal receptacle in the isthmic section, an enlarged uterus up to 5 weeks with a fertilized egg in the cavity, allow us to assume the onset of uterine and tubal pregnancy in the same menstrual cycle. Heterotopic pregnancy poses a serious threat to health, especially in connection with the increased use of assisted reproductive technologies. The complexity of diagnosis, the lack of specific signs and the risk of missing an ectopic component require improving diagnostic and treatment protocols, as well as finding ways to reduce the risk of this condition.
[text_en] =>
[udk] =>
[order] => 5
[filepdf_ru] => 54_ru.pdf
[filepdf_en] => 54_en.pdf
[download] => annot68b691d92baf1.pdf
[section_ru] => Клинический случай
[section_en] => A clinical case
[authors] => Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[author_ru] => Татьяна Николаевна Сидорова
[author_en] => Tatiana Nikolaevna Sidorova
)
[1] => Array
(
[author_ru] => Светлана Сафиновна Жамлиханова
[author_en] => Svetlana Safinovna Zhamlikhanova
)
[2] => Array
(
[author_ru] => Тамара Никандровна Охотина
[author_en] => Tamara Nikandrovna Okhotina
)
[3] => Array
(
[author_ru] => Юлия Олеговна Андреева
[author_en] => Yulia Olegovna Andreeva
)
[4] => Array
(
[author_ru] => Юлия Евгеньевна Давыдова
[author_en] => Yulia Evgenievna Davydova
)
[5] => Array
(
[author_ru] => Елена Алексеевна Денисова
[author_en] => Elena Alekseevna Denisova
)
[6] => Array
(
[author_ru] => Валентина Михайловна Левицкая
[author_en] => Valentina Mikhailovna Levitskaya
)
)
)
[5] => Array
(
[id_section] => 3
[id] => 55
[id_journal] => 7
[name_ru] => Биомаркеры нейробиологических нарушений при ПТСР: генетические и структурные (часть 2)
[annotation_ru] => Посттравматическое стрессовое расстройство (ПТСР) представляет собой значимую медико-социальную проблему, развивающуюся вследствие воздействия экстремальных психотравмирующих факторов. Настоя-щий обзор, являясь логическим продолжением первой части исследования, представляет комплексный ана-лиз современных данных, касающихся структурных и генетических изменений, ассоциированных с ПТСР, ар-гументируется также актуальность дальнейших изысканий, направленных на улучшение
качества жизни пациентов с ПТСР.
[text_ru] =>
[name_en] => Biomarkers of Neurobiological Disorders in PTSD: Genetic and Structural (part 2).
[annotation_en] => Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a significant medical and social problem that develops as a result of exposure to extreme psychotraumatic factors. This review, being a logical continuation of the first part of the study, presents a comprehensive analysis of modern data on structural and genetic changes associated with PTSD, and also argues for the relevance of further research aimed at improving the quality of life of patients with PTSD.
[text_en] =>
[udk] =>
[order] => 6
[filepdf_ru] => 55_ru.pdf
[filepdf_en] => 55_en.pdf
[download] => annot68b6932434aaf.pdf
[section_ru] => Обзор литературы
[section_en] => Literature review
[authors] => Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[author_ru] => Сергей Дмитриевич Балохин
[author_en] => Sergey Dmitrievich Balokhin
)
[1] => Array
(
[author_ru] => Тимур Линарович Хайбулин
[author_en] => Timur Dinarovich Khaibullin
)
[2] => Array
(
[author_ru] => Вадим Эдуардович Цейликман
[author_en] => Vadim Eduardovich Tseilikman
)
)
)
[6] => Array
(
[id_section] => 2
[id] => 56
[id_journal] => 7
[name_ru] => Влияние воспалительных заболеваний ротовой полости на половое созревание девочек
[annotation_ru] => В национальной стратегии Российской Федерации охрана репродуктивного здоровья молодежи является приоритетным направлением. Нарушения менструальной функции среди девушек подростков
достигают 80 %.
По заключению ВОЗ, распространенность воспалительных заболеваний пародонта у детей младшего возраста порядка 10 %, у подростков — до 90 %. Актуальность изучения влияния воспалительных заболеваний рта на половое созревание девочек связана с несколькими факторами: перестройкой организма в период полового созревания, связью между нарушениями менструальной функции и воспалительными заболеваниями полости рта, влиянием на становление репродуктивной функции.
Таким образом, изучение влияния воспалительных заболеваний рта на половое созревание девочек важно для понимания возможных последствий и разработки профилактических мер, учитывая особенности подросткового возраста.
[text_ru] =>
[name_en] => The Impact of Inflammatory Diseases of the Oral Cavity on Puberty in Girls
[annotation_en] => In the national strategy of the Russian Federation, the protection of the reproductive health of young people is a priority. Menstrual disorders among adolescent girls reach 80 %. According to the WHO, the prevalence of inflammatory periodontal diseases in young children is about 10 %, in adolescents — up to 90 %. The relevance of studying the influence of inflammatory diseases of the mouth on the puberty of girls is associated with several factors: the restructuring of the body during puberty, the relationship between menstrual dysfunction and inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity, the impact on the development of reproductive function. Thus, studying the influence of inflammatory diseases of the mouth on the puberty of girls is important for understanding the possible consequences and developing preventive measures, taking into account the characteristics of adolescence.
[text_en] =>
[udk] =>
[order] => 7
[filepdf_ru] => 56_ru.pdf
[filepdf_en] => 56_en.pdf
[download] => annot68b695d7866f0.pdf
[section_ru] => Клинический случай
[section_en] => A clinical case
[authors] => Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[author_ru] => Тамара Геннадьевна Денисова
[author_en] => Tamara Gennadievna Denisova
)
[1] => Array
(
[author_ru] => Юлия Владимировна Епифанова
[author_en] => Yulia Vladimirovna Epifanova
)
[2] => Array
(
[author_ru] => Айсель Ахметовна Бадем
[author_en] => Aysel Akhmetovna Badem
)
[3] => Array
(
[author_ru] => Татьяна Николаевна Сидорова
[author_en] => Tatiana Nikolaevna Sidorova
)
[4] => Array
(
[author_ru] => Гульсина Рамисовна Салахова
[author_en] => Gulsina Ramisovna Salakhova
)
)
)
)
HIV Infection: Statistical Analysis of Morbidity in the Republic of Mari El for 2014–2023
UDC:
Section: The original article
Authors:
Zaripova Alina Ruslanovna;
Ilya Vladimirovich Petrov;
Firuza Salavatovna Petrova;
Tanzilya Khafizovna Amirova;
Aim of the study: is an epidemiological analysis of the incidence of HIV infection in the Republic of Mari El for the period from 2014 to 2023. The study is aimed at identifying the dynamics of morbidity, analysing the transmis-sion routes and assessing the effectiveness of preventive measures.
Materials and methods: the study used data from the report of Rospotrebnadzor ‘On the state of sanitary and epi-demiological well-being of the population of the Republic of Mari El in 2023’ and publications from the CyberLenin-ka portal. Retrospective analysis was chosen as the research method, which allowed to assess changes in the inci-dence of HIV infection for the specified period.
Results of the study. The analysis showed that there was a decrease in incidence in 2014 and 2015, but from 2015 to 2018, the frequency of case registrations started to increase. Between 2018 and 2022, there was a decrease in the number of cases, but in 2023, the number of registrations increased again to 31.2 per 100,000 population. The highest incidence was recorded in the cities of Volzhsk and Yoshkar-Ola, as well as in Volzhsky and Medvedevsky districts. In the first five months of 2023, 99,564 people were examined and 86 new cases were detected, which is significantly higher than in the same period of 2022.
Conclusion. The situation with HIV incidence in the Republic of Mari El remains unstable and requires active in-tervention by health authorities. Despite some successes in prevention, the increase in the number of new cases in 2023 highlights the need to strengthen education programmes and the availability of antiretroviral therapy. Sexual transmission remains the leading route of transmission, which requires an emphasis on safe behaviour. Sustained at-tention and action can help reduce the incidence and improve the quality of life of people living with HIV.
Insulin Resistance and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: Frequency of Occurrence in Different Phenotypes
UDC:
Section: The original article
Authors:
Nadezhda Anatolyevna Troshina;
Marina Andreevna Kobzeva;
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common mental illness that occurs as a result of exposure to traumatic events. It affects a significant number of people, including military personnel, victims of violence and survivors of natural disasters. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in studying biomarkers of PTSD, as they can significantly improve the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of this disorder. Biomarkers, including neuroimaging data, genetic markers, and molecular indicators, can provide valuable information about the pathophysiology of PTSD and individual differences in stress response. This article examines current advances in the identification of PTSD biomarkers and their potential application in clinical practice, emphasizing the importance of further research in this area to improve the quality of life of patients.
Objective: to systematically analyze modern scientific data on biochemical and inflammatory biomarkers of neurobiological disorders in PTSD.
Materials. The literature was searched in the international databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar using the key terms: PTSD biomarkers, neurobiological markers of PTSD, oxidative stress and PTSD, inflammatory biomarkers in PTSD, cytokines in PTSD. The review includes original research, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews in English and Russian that meet the following criteria: The focus is on the biochemical and inflammatory aspects of PTSD, the availability of clear diagnostic or prognostic data, and the clinical significance of the results. Special attention was paid to studies investigating disorders of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, indicators of oxidative stress, levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-alpha, CRP), neurotrophic factors (BDNF), as well as changes in neurotransmitter systems in PTSD.
Methods. In preparing this review, a comprehensive analysis of modern scientific publications devoted to the study of biochemical and inflammatory markers in post-traumatic stress disorder was carried out. The selected publications were critically analyzed in terms of methodological rigor, reproducibility of the results, and potential clinical applicability of the identified biomarkers.
Tick-Borne Encephalitis and Ixodes Tick Borreliosis: A Five-Year Statistical Analysis of Morbidity in the Republic of Tatarstan for 2020–2024.
UDC:
Section: The original article
Authors:
Landysh Khalimovna Zabirova ;
Aliya Airatovna Mukhametgaleeva ;
Tanzilya Khafizovna Amirova;
The problem of the spread of natural infections transmitted by ixodid ticks remains relevant for Russian healthcare, affecting both the medical sphere and the social life of society.
The aim of the study is to conduct an epidemiological analysis of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) and Lyme borreliosis (LB) in the Republic of Tatarstan from 2020 to 2024. The research focuses on identifying trends in morbidity rates and evaluating preventive measures' effectiveness.
Materials and methods: Data were collected from official reports “On the State of Sanitary-Epidemiological Well-being of the Population of the Republic of Tatarstan” for 2020–2024 and publication of scientific journals. A retrospective analysis was employed to assess changes in TBE and LB morbidity over this period.
Results: Local cases of TBE decreased gradually except for 2023 and 2024 when the first indigenous infections occurred within Tatarstan's territory. In contrast, LB incidence remained relatively stable with minor fluctuations across years. Annual increases in patient visits due to tick bites were observed; however, detection rate of TBE virus in tested samples remained consistently low.
Conclusion: Epidemiological situation in Tatarstan demonstrates relative stability and a low frequency of dangerous tick-borne infections transmission. Nevertheless, further efforts are needed to improve prevention strategies, raise public awareness, and enhance healthcare services quality. Keywords: Tick-borne Encephalitis, Lyme Borreliosis, Vaccination Efficiency, Vaccination Coverage, Population Morbidity.
Characteristics of Hemostasis in a Clinical Case of Patient P. and Clinical Features of Her Pregnancy
UDC:
Section: A clinical case
Authors:
Lidiya Aleksandrovna Filkina;
Introduction. The study of the hemostatic system features in pregnant women is due to the fact that these disorders occupy an important place in obstetrics and gynecology and its disorders are one of the most common pathological conditions encountered in pregnant women. Objective. Using the clinical case of patient P. as an example, to consider the features of the hemostasis system and clinical features of her pregnancy. Materials and methods. The case history data were taken from the mother's card and the medical information system “qMS” of the multidisciplinary clinic “Istochnik” in Chelyabinsk. Results. In the course of the work, the main analyzes of the hemostasis system, the condition of the pregnant woman and the fetus throughout the pregnancy were considered. Conclusion. It has been established that the study of the hemostasis system is an important marker of obstetric pathologies not only at the stage of pregravid preparation, but also throughout the pregnancy. This patient P. was transferred to the inpatient department in a timely manner, which prevented the death of the mother and child.
KEYWORDS: hemostasis system, complications of pregnancy, premature operative birth.
Heterotopic Pregnancy: Analysis of a Clinical Case
UDC:
Section: A clinical case
Authors:
Tatiana Nikolaevna Sidorova;
Svetlana Safinovna Zhamlikhanova;
Tamara Nikandrovna Okhotina;
Yulia Olegovna Andreeva;
Yulia Evgenievna Davydova;
Elena Alekseevna Denisova;
Valentina Mikhailovna Levitskaya;
Heterotopic pregnancy is a rare but life-threatening condition that represents the simultaneous development of an intrauterine and ectopic pregnancy (most often in the fallopian tube). Risk factors include surgery on the fallopian tubes, previous ectopic pregnancy, inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs, and the use of assisted reproductive technologies. Diagnosis is difficult due to the nonspecificity of symptoms and the presence of an intrauterine pregnancy, which can lead to a missed diagnosis and dangerous consequences, such as intra-abdominal bleeding. The main goal of treatment is to remove an ectopic pregnancy while preserving the intrauterine pregnancy. Treatment methods include conservative therapy (methotrexate, letrazole, gefitinib) in hemodynamically stable patients with low b-hCG levels, signs of a non-developing intrauterine pregnancy, and surgical intervention (salpingostomy, salpingectomy). Laparoscopic salpingectomy is the most preferred method, as it reduces the risk of complications and recurrence of tubal pregnancy. Objective: to present a clinical observation of heterotopic pregnancy. Materials and methods: medical documentation (medical history of an inpatient, laboratory and instrumental diagnostic data). This clinical case demonstrates the occurrence of spontaneous heterotopic pregnancy without significant risk factors, with the exception of the late reproductive period, which explains its uniqueness. Subjective symptoms (lower abdominal pain, bloody vaginal discharge, severe general weakness) on day 33 of the menstrual cycle were the reason for calling an ambulance and visiting the emergency department. Signs of hemorrhagic shock and ectopic pregnancy identified at the hospital stage were an indication for emergency surgical intervention. The presence of corpora lutea of the same size on both ovaries, an altered right fallopian tube with a fetal receptacle in the isthmic section, an enlarged uterus up to 5 weeks with a fertilized egg in the cavity, allow us to assume the onset of uterine and tubal pregnancy in the same menstrual cycle. Heterotopic pregnancy poses a serious threat to health, especially in connection with the increased use of assisted reproductive technologies. The complexity of diagnosis, the lack of specific signs and the risk of missing an ectopic component require improving diagnostic and treatment protocols, as well as finding ways to reduce the risk of this condition.
Biomarkers of Neurobiological Disorders in PTSD: Genetic and Structural (part 2).
UDC:
Section: Literature review
Authors:
Sergey Dmitrievich Balokhin;
Timur Dinarovich Khaibullin;
Vadim Eduardovich Tseilikman;
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a significant medical and social problem that develops as a result of exposure to extreme psychotraumatic factors. This review, being a logical continuation of the first part of the study, presents a comprehensive analysis of modern data on structural and genetic changes associated with PTSD, and also argues for the relevance of further research aimed at improving the quality of life of patients with PTSD.
The Impact of Inflammatory Diseases of the Oral Cavity on Puberty in Girls
UDC:
Section: A clinical case
Authors:
Tamara Gennadievna Denisova;
Yulia Vladimirovna Epifanova;
Aysel Akhmetovna Badem;
Tatiana Nikolaevna Sidorova;
Gulsina Ramisovna Salakhova ;
In the national strategy of the Russian Federation, the protection of the reproductive health of young people is a priority. Menstrual disorders among adolescent girls reach 80 %. According to the WHO, the prevalence of inflammatory periodontal diseases in young children is about 10 %, in adolescents — up to 90 %. The relevance of studying the influence of inflammatory diseases of the mouth on the puberty of girls is associated with several factors: the restructuring of the body during puberty, the relationship between menstrual dysfunction and inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity, the impact on the development of reproductive function. Thus, studying the influence of inflammatory diseases of the mouth on the puberty of girls is important for understanding the possible consequences and developing preventive measures, taking into account the characteristics of adolescence.